New Generation Washing Machines

!9#: New Generation Washing Machines

Washing machines have undergone intensive changes during the last decade. Like all other modern machines, this home appliance was also subjected to many changes in its form and content in tune with the changing lifestyles and attitudes of the people. Hectic lifestyles of the people is one important reason why washer machine became an unavoidable gadget.

The modern home makers have limited time for household chores, because of certain compelling circumstances like rigid work schedules and extended working hours. Another reason is the climatic uncertainties resulting from the global warming and consequent changes in the weather conditions. Traditional methods of washing and drying process are time consuming exercises. The third reason for opting washer machines is the universal attitude of the people in favour of preserving water which is becoming a scarce resource in many parts of the world.

Consequent to the increasing demand for washer machines and dryers, markets are flooded with innumerable brands and models of the products. All leading players in the consumer market have introduced their innovative models in response to the encouraging consumer support. In the early stages of its introduction consumers accepted the products without reservations. As long as the machine was capable of washing and drying they were satisfied. But in the course of time situations changed. Consumers wanted certain specific qualities or characteristics to the machines.

They required energy efficiency because the cost of energy started soaring up every year. Similarly as mentioned already water also became an expensive commodity and consumers wanted the machines to consume lesser quantities of water. Again, consumers became more conscious about environment and noise pollution. As such they wanted machines which are noiseless. They also wanted to eliminate radiation of heat and leakage of steam. Above all, the modern homemakers have little or no time to monitor the working of their washer machines and wanted programmable or computerized machines.

Market did not disappoint the aspiring modern consumers. Washing machines which need no monitoring were introduced in the markets. The machines will monitor the load, choose the appropriate wash cycle, dispense the required quantity of detergent, and regulate the water temperature. When the washing and drying process are over the machine will automatically switch off itself. If programmed so, the machine will switch on by itself and complete the washing process during the off peak hour period when the power tariff is lower.

Technology is being up graded periodically to make the washer machine more user friendly as well as eco friendly. The new designs are aimed at making loading and unloading the clothes easier. Control panels with digital display make it more convenient to operate than earlier models. Many new features are being incorporated in the washing machines to cater the specific or special requirements of the users. Internet is the best source to locate and choose the right machine which suits the exact requirements of the shoppers.

New Generation Washing Machines

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Washing Machines and Principles of Operation

!9# Washing Machines and Principles of Operation

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Removal of dirt in the washing machine is a modern combination of mechanical and chemical processes.

1 Chemical effect. The detergent or soap melts and loosens the soil in the fabric.
2 A mechanical effect. Move your clothes and detergent or soap forces removed from the field. The operation of the disc is for the warmth and softness of water, which supports greater use of the chemical action of detergent or soap.

Almost all modern automatic washing machinesuse one of two types of mechanical action, dryer or mixer. This is by far the most popular and commonly used. But to make all automatic washers, regardless of type or model, only four basic functions of the operation: (1) to fill, (2) washing, (3) pump, and (4) Extraction (Spin).

The heart of the washing machine agitator is the agitator, which is usually done with blades or vanes on a cone that fits on a central shaft in the tub washing machine. As the agitator rotates backand forth, take the blades of clothing and move more. This movement also creates water currents contribute to the effect that detergent.

There are almost as many mixer designs, such as washing machines are used, the agitators. Agitators are blades or blades of various shapes, designs and sizes that are arranged in vertical or spiral. Agitators can be solid or perforated plastic or metal (usually aluminum).

Most of the agitator type washing machinean oscillating (back-and-forth) action during the wash cycle. To produce this oscillating action, the arm is generally connected off-center to a low-speed gear wheel. As this gear wheel turns, it imparts a back-and-forth motion to the arm. This motion, in turn, is transmitted to a pinion gear which drives the agitator.

There are also other methods of driving the agitator. For instance, a few models provide a slow-speed, off center, wobbling motion to the agitator, while some others impart an up-and-down, pulsating motion to it. While the oscillating action is the one most commonly used for the washing operation, some machines of this type employ a rotating or revolving motion to spin the tub or basket for the extraction operation. To accomplish this, a clutch action of some type is used to disengage one set of gears and engage the other. One such clutch used in washers consists of a pin dropping in place in a hole in the drive gear to engage it or it may be a friction type, as is frequently found in automobiles. Incidentally, agitator-type washing machines are top loading, meaning that the clothes are placed in the washer through a door or lid that opens on the top of the unit.

The front-load type of automatic washer has gained in popularity in recent years. The tumbler mechanism is a perforated cylinder, usually aluminum or porcelain-enameled steel, which holds the clothes; it revolves in a larger tub that holds the water. Within the cylinder are baffles, which are projections designed to carry the clothes along, through, and out of the water, until the position of the clothes causes them to fall downward again, and the process is repeated.

The axis of rotation of the washing cylinder usually is either parallel to the floor or inclined upward from the floor at approximately a 30 degree angle. A few have a vertical cylinder. Most tumbler-type washers are loaded from the front, but some can be loaded from the top or at an angle. During the washing cycle, the cylinder revolves slowly, tumbling the clothes about in soapy water. During the damp-dry cycle, the cylinder revolves rapidly, and centrifugal action helps to throw the water out of the clothes. The low speed for washing and the high speed for damp-drying are provided by the gears in a transmission as in an automobile. In a similar manner, there is a gear-shifting arrangement and a clutch to engage the gears.

The needs and components of both tumbler and agitator washers are about the same. For example, both require hot and cold water. This water is fed into valves in the washer which turn on and off the hot and cold water and mix them at appropriate times. While a few washers control water temperature with a thermostat, most operate on a simple on-off principle. When the hot water is on and cold is off, the water in the washer is hot-whatever temperature the water-heater tank provides. When the cold water is on and whatever temperature the cold-water tap provides. When both hot and cold are on, they are evenly mixed to provide warm water; with average cold water temperatures out of the tap (about 50F), the mixture comes out at about 100F.

All automatic washers have an electric motor as well as a pump. The motor on most models, in driving the washer through the wash and rinse cycles, operates in both the counterclockwise and clockwise directions when viewed from the top of the machine. It operates counterclockwise during the wash cycles and agitate-rinse operation and clockwise during the pump out and spin operations. The motor turns the pump and drive pulleys through a belt or motor-coupler arrangement. After the completion of the agitation or rinse, the water is pumped from the washer before the start of the rinse cycle. In this operation the motor is operating in the clockwise direction as it is in the spin; however, and overriding clutch disengages the transmission spin tube so the basket will not spin. At the end of the pump out period a solenoid releases the clutch spring and the spin basket rotates to extract the water from the clothes. The pump is usually in operation continuously. When the agitator is in operation, power is transferred directly into the transmission from the drive pulley through the transmission drive shat and clutch spring located inside the transmission case. During the pump out and spin periods the clockwise rotation of the motor releases the clutch.

Solenoids play a very important part in the operation of an automatic washer. In addition to operating the clutch and gearshift arrangements, they control water flow, detergent application and the like. Of course, the overall control of the automatic washer is left to the timer or the electronic control. While part of the control is selected by the user - for instance, washing time and water temperature-most of the automatic action is performed at certain preselected time intervals by the timer/control.

Washing Machines and Principles of Operation

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